1. The ABC of National Liberation Movements
   Resource Type: Article
   Published: 1969
   A war is politics continued by other, that is forcible, means. Our attitude toward a war must be congruent with our attitude toward the politics of which it is the continuation. This determines our principled position on the question of whether to support or oppose a given war - not primarily our opinion of the men, the government or the class leading the war, not our opinion of their past or present crimes. The latter considerations will be very relevant to how we support or oppose a war, but not to whether we do.
2. Africa in Crisis
   The Causes, The Cures of Environmental Bankruptcy
   Resource Type: Book
   Africa in Crisis looks at the causes of African famine and how it is a symbol of a much deeper crisis. African droughts and famines are not just the results of a lack of rain but the end result of a long deterioration in the ability of Africans to feed themselves caused by mistakes made by governments both inside and outside the continent.
3. American Civil War
   Connexipedia Article
   Resource Type: Article
   Also known as the War Between the States and several other names, this was a civil war in the United States of America in which eleven Southern slave states declared their secession from the United States.
4. Books for Burning
   Between Civil War and Democracy in 1970s Italy
   Resource Type: Book
   Published: 2005
   
5. Bringing up the bodies in Bosnia
   Resource Type: Article
   Published: 2016
   Using cutting edge scientific research, an international organization is digging up mass graves to give victims' families some sense of closure and justice.
6. The Civil War in France
   Resource Type: Book
   Published: 1871
   Written by Karl Marx as an address to the General Council of the International, with the aim of distributing to workers of all countries a clear understanding of the character and world-wide significance of the heroic struggle of the Paris Communards of 1871 and their historical experience to learn from.
   
7. Connexions
   Volume 7, Number 2 - May 1982 - Canada-Latin America/Le Canada-L'Amerique Latine
   Resource Type: Serial Publication (Periodical)
   Published: 1982
   
8. Defeat of Reconstruction and the Betrayal of Black Freedom Part Two
   Resource Type: Article
   Published: 2014
   During Reconstruction, black people fought to assert their American-ness. Throughout the South, it was blacks and their allies who would march, parade and celebrate the Fourth of July, but not out of gross and vulgar American patriotism. Rather, it was part of a struggle to uphold the ideals of freedom and liberty that came with the Civil War and the promise of equality that came with Reconstruction.
9. Easily Led
   A History of Propaganda
   Resource Type: Book
   Published: 1999
   From Ancient Sumer to modern Poland, Thomson traces the use of propaganda and its influence on human events.
10. The erasure of Syrian voices in Western media
    Resource Type: Article
    Published: 2017
    Trapped between a police state and Al Qaeda, average Syrians explain why they fear regime change.
11. For Black Liberation Through Socialist Revolution! Part Two
    How the Liberals and Reformists Derailed the Struggle for Integration
    Resource Type: Article
    Published: 2004
    There is a lot of talk today about multiculturalism, diversity, whiteness and "racialized subjects" and other liberal jargon that essentially attempts to erase the centrality of anti-black racism and black oppression in racist capitalist America.
12. Gaza: Life and death under Israel's drones
    Resource Type: Article
    Published: 2013
    There are many things to fear in Gaza. Drones are increasingly being used for surveillance and extra-judicial execution in parts of the Middle East, especially by the US. There are no statistics that detail the effect of the drones on Palestinians in Gaza.
13. The History of Costa Rica
    Resource Type: Book
    Published: 2007
    An overview of Costa Rican history with an emphasis on how Costa Ricans have been able to make their own history, "though they do not make it just as they choose."
14. Homage to Catalonia
    Resource Type: Book
    Published: 1938
    George Orwell's account of his experiences in the Spanish Civil War.
15. How Brown Moses exposed Syrian arms trafficking from his front room
    Resource Type: Article
    Published: 2013
    A Leicester-based blogger's monitoring of weapons used in conflict has been taken up by media and human rights groups. Never having been near a warzone has not stopped him from breaking some of the most important stories on the Syrian conflict in the last year.
16. Lebanon
    Dynamics of Conflict
    Resource Type: Book
    In this clear delineation of the major forces at work in Lebanon, the author unravels the causes of the 1975-76 Civil War and relates them to subsequent events, including the Israeli invasion and its aftermath. Rejecting simplistic notions like 'Muslim vs. Christian,' he examines the complex contending forces, and the economic and political underpinnings which have given rise to them.
17. Libya's second civil war
    From armed resistance to jihadist networks
    Resource Type: Article
    Published: 2015
    With the events that led to Gaddafi's fall, a civil war between local groups and rival militias started in Libya. Four years later IS has appeared, and the country seems on the brink of collapse.
18. Marx and Engels Collected Works Volume 22
    Marx and Engels 1870 - 1871
    Resource Type: Book
    Includes The Civil War in France and other materials on the Franco-Prussian War.
19. Marxism and Freedom
    From 1776 to Today
    Resource Type: Book
    Published: 2000
    Dunayevskaya argues that Marx's theory is the generalisation of the instinctive striving of the proletariat for a new social order, a truly human society.
20. A Marxist History of the World part 80: Stalinism: the bitter fruit of revolutionary defeat
    Resource Type: Article
    Published: 2012
    Neil Faulkner looks at the time when the Bolshevik regime turned in on itself and morphed into a mockery of its socialist ideals.
21. Memory and Repression in El Salvador
    Resource Type: Article
    Published: 2013
    The raid on Pro-Busqueda happened three days after the Salvadorean Supreme Court heard testimony from survivors of a 1982 raid carried out by government forces.
22. Myanmar's forgotten guerrillas in the mist
    A battle for self - determination continues among the country's ethnic groups
    Resource Type: Article
    Published: 2016
    An examination of Myanmar's complex ethnic makeup and the rivalries that exist between these groups.
23. Negroes in the Civil War
    Resource Type: Article
    Published: 1943
    The struggle of the Negro masses derives its peculiar intensity from the simple fact that what they are struggling for is not abstract but is always perfectly visible around them. In their instinctive revolutionary efforts for freedom, the escaping slaves had helped powerfully to begin and now those who remained behind had helped powerfully to conclude, the self-destructive course of the slave power.
    
24. Other Voices: The Connexions Newsletter - July 31, 2014
    Truth, justice and reconciliation
    Resource Type: Serial Publication (Periodical)
    Published: 2014
    Articles on truth, justice and reconciliation efforts in countries affected by civil war or internal conflict; Bone Collectors: the fate of the remains of Australian aboriginal people stolen from their burial grounds and dispersed to museums; the Galway children's mass grave; and Which came first: Palestinian rockets or Israeli violence? The topic of the week is the Israeli military.
25. Other Voices: The Connexions Newsletter - August 27, 2017
    Official Enemies
    Resource Type: Serial Publication (Periodical)
    Published: 2017
    Why and how do some countries become 'enemies'? How and why do governments and media work in tandem to demonize official enemies? Who are the people who live in those countries, what are their lives like, and why should we consider them our enemies?
26. The Penguin Atlas of World History - Vol. 2: From the French Revolution to the Present
    Resource Type: Book
    Published: 1978
    
27. A People's History of the World
    From the Stone Age to the New Millennium
    Resource Type: Book
    Published: 1999
    Harman describes the shape and course of human history as a narrative of ordinary people forming and re-forming complex societies in pursuit of common human goals.
28. The Philosophy of Antonio Negri
    Resistance in Practice
    Resource Type: Book
    Published: 2005
    
29. Radical Digressions 2
    Resource Type: Website
    Published: 2000
    
30. Saving past is first step to the future
    Resource Type: Article
    Published: 2010
    The archives of southern Sudan are all currently housed in a tent donated by USAid. Many documents have been damaged due to the poor storage facilities. The Rift Valley Institute, a non-profit research group and scholars from Oxford plan to digitize and find a permanent home for the collection in the near future.
31. The Socialist Register 1967
    Volume 4: A Survey of Movements & Ideas
    Resource Type: Serial Publication (Periodical)
    Published: 1967
    
32. Svyazhsk
    Resource Type: Article
    Published: 1943
    Larissa Reissner's vivid description of the 1918 battle for Svyazhsk during the Russian Civil War.
33. Syria chemical warfare claims aim to provoke Western intervention
    Resource Type: Article
    Published: 2013
    The unsubstantiated charges that the Syrian regime of President Bashar al-Assad carried out a chemical weapons attack outside Damascus killing large numbers of civilians have all the hallmarks of a staged provocation aimed at provoking Western intervention.
34. There Was a Country
    A Personal History of Biafra
    Resource Type: Book
    Published: 2012
    A coming of age account, set against the backdrop of the Nigerian Civil War, or the Biafran War, of 1967-1970.
35. Trotsky
    A Documentary
    Resource Type: Book
    Published: 1972
    An illustrated biography of Leon Trotsky.

Experts on Civil Wars in the Sources Directory

1. National Archives of the United States