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National Defence
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  1. The Junius Pamphlet
    The Crisis of Social Democracy

    Resource Type: Book
    Published: 1916
    The voting of war credits in August 1914 was a shattering moment in the life of individual socialists and of the socialist movement in Europe. Those who had worked for and wholly believed in the ability of organized labour to stand against war now saw the major social democratic parties of Germany, France, and England rush to the defense of their fatherlands. Worker solidarity had proved an impotent myth. Rosa Luxemburg had for years warned against the stultifying effects of the overly bureaucratized German Social Democratic Party and the anti-revolutionary tendencies of the trade unions that played such a large role in the party's policy decisions. She spent much of the war in jail, where she wrote and then smuggled this pamphlet. Published under the name "Junius," the pamphlet became the guiding statement for the International Group, which became the Spartacus League.
  2. The Mackenzie Institute
    Media Profile in Sources

    Resource Type: Organization
  3. Project Ploughshares
    Media Profile in Sources

    Resource Type: Organization
  4. The State of the World Atlas
    Resource Type: Book
    Published: 1981

Experts on National Defence in the Sources Directory

  1. The Mackenzie Institute
  2. Project Ploughshares

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